There are several ways to identify reinforcers for your learners:

• Observe the students and notice what they enjoy.

• Ask them to tell you what they want to work for.

• Assume and experiment based on their age and other characteristics.

The types of possible reinforcers will vary according the characteristics of the learner/learning situation, including:

• Age and gender

• Size of the group

• Duration of the session

• Dietary restrictions

• Financial restrictions

• Cognitive ability

• Attention span

• Motivation level

Some learners require a primary reinforcer after each tag. This may include learners that are:

• Non-verbal

• Very young

• Not participating voluntarily (e.g. detention centre)

• Have low cognitive function

• Learning something very difficult

It can be distracting or not feasible in many cases to deliver a primary reinforcer after each tag. A tiered reinforcement scheme may be the answer.