Martha: That was a 2 ½ minute video. We’ll give everybody a few minutes to count up their tally 

marks. Please type them into the chat so Joan can tell us the results. 

Joan:  Kathy says 48. Shubata said 45. Seany said 47. These are very consistent. 

Martha:  Again, that shows that in 2 ½ minutes, this child could have been reinforced almost 

every few seconds, and had positive reinforcement. It would be interesting to see how things 

might have differed if he had had that kind of experience.

I know these videos can be painful to watch, but this is the reality for many of us. 

Let’s take a look at video #2 if we can. This is with Isabella. She is a little girl with severe 

autism; she is nonverbal. This first video is very short. It’s only 23 seconds.